PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES
![Winterwolfdeer.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_5b9ba6ea5dff41e999e20384cded6f2f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_243,h_159,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Winterwolfdeer.jpg)
Gable, T.D., A.T. Homkes, and J.K. Bump. 2024. Wolf predation on white-tailed deer before, during, and after a historically mild winter in northern Minnesota. Ecology and Evolution. [PDF]
Evavold, I.C., T.D. Gable, A.T. Homkes, and J.K. Bump. 2024. Wolves foraging on berries is likely a widespread behavior in southern boreal ecosystems. Ecosphere Naturalist. [PDF]
![V085Blueberries.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_ec2892b093564c3ea4b8865f51d9bf98~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_243,h_159,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/V085Blueberries.jpg)
![Pupdenpaper.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_c5149a3c3197463b92986cd393d78e04~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_243,h_159,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Pupdenpaper.jpg)
Gable, T.D., S.M. Johnson-Bice, A.T. Homkes, and J.K. Bump. 2024. Single visits to active wolf dens do not impact wolf pup recruitment or pack size. Wildlife Biology. [PDF]
Benson, J.F., D.A. Keiter, P.J. Mahoney, B.L. Allen, L. Allen, F. Álvares, M.L. Anderson, et al. 2024. Intrinsic and environmental drivers of pairwise cohesion in wild Canis social groups. Ecology. [PDF]
![Bugcreekwolves.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_3a51dd1cea3b4bf7b8c1a7cef3462922~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_243,h_159,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,enc_avif,quality_auto/Bugcreekwolves.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_a32574292c834983bee9259829dc7913~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_62,y_362,w_1897,h_1188/fill/w_57,h_36,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_a32574292c834983bee9259829dc7913~mv2.jpg)
Gable, T.D., A.T. Homkes, S.K. Windels, and J.K. Bump. 2024. Evidence that wolves use cooperative ambush strategies to hunt beavers. Ethology, Ecology, and Evolution. [PDF]
Gable, T.D., S.M. Johnson-Bice, A.T. Homkes, and J.K. Bump. 2023. Differential provisioning roles, prey size, and prey abundance shape the dynamic feeding behavior of gray wolves. Communications Biology. [PDF]
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![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_c9420df0ff334f2d9dba00d96b8fd6ec~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_713,y_492,w_762,h_510/fill/w_58,h_38,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_c9420df0ff334f2d9dba00d96b8fd6ec~mv2.jpg)
Gable, T.D., S.M. Johnson-Bice, A.T. Homkes, J. Fieberg, and J.K. Bump. 2023. Wolves alter the trajectory of forests by shaping the central place foraging behavior of an ecosystem engineer. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. [PDF]
Johnson-Bice, S.M., T.D. Gable, A.T. Homkes, S.K. Windels, J.K. Bump, and J.G. Bruggink. 2023. Logging, linear features, and human infrastructure shape the spatial dynamics of wolf predation on an ungulate neonate. Ecological Applications. [PDF]
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_5676ade81d914e91acd030865f7c115a~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_303,w_1365,h_846/fill/w_62,h_38,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_5676ade81d914e91acd030865f7c115a~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_d2da29b436a24506a3c69ca0bfe685aa~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_652,y_170,w_1396,h_908/fill/w_55,h_36,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_d2da29b436a24506a3c69ca0bfe685aa~mv2.jpg)
Gable, T.D., S.M. Johnson-Bice, A.T. Homkes, and J.K. Bump. 2023. Video observations of wolves hunting ungulates on linear features. Food Webs. [PDF]
Johnson-Bice, S.M, T.D. Gable, J.D. Roth, and J.K. Bump. 2023. Patchy indirect effects of predation: predators contribute to landscape heterogeneity and ecosystem function via localized pathways. Oikos. [PDF]
![Screen Shot 2023-06-04 at 8.50.26 PM.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_04dc729a1fc44749a01ae7c884a00831~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_60,h_35,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/Screen%20Shot%202023-06-04%20at%208_50_26%20PM.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_0edb7bee20404a61912725f75fc0f85c~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_724,y_0,w_1174,h_813/fill/w_53,h_37,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_0edb7bee20404a61912725f75fc0f85c~mv2.jpg)
Freund, D. R., T.D. Gable, S.M. Johnson-Bice, A.T. Homkes, S.K. Windels and J.K. Bump. 2023. The ethology of wolves foraging on freshwater fish in a boreal ecosystem. Royal Society Open Science. [PDF]
Cassidy, K. A....Bump, J.K., T.D. Gable, A. T. Homkes., et al. 2023. Human-caused mortality triggers pack instability. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment [PDF]
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_940d22e2e7d84e63878e554d83a70665~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_108,w_2048,h_1383/fill/w_57,h_38,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_940d22e2e7d84e63878e554d83a70665~mv2.jpg)
![_DSC0646.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_46b214f59e0c4e6486d7dd266fe0e35f~mv2.jpg/v1/fill/w_56,h_37,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/_DSC0646.jpg)
Bump, J.K., T.D. Gable, S.M. Johnson-Bice, A. T. Homkes, D. Freund, S. K. Windels, and S. Chakrabarti. 2022. Predator personalities alter ecosystem services. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment [PDF]
Gable, T. D., A. T. Homkes, S.M. Johnson-Bice, S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2021. Wolves choose ambushing locations to counter and capitalize on the sensory abilities of their prey. Behavioral Ecology [PDF]
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_265052b9c9ee4b9291afc1a232a79b6a~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_0,y_7,w_1626,h_1059/fill/w_57,h_37,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_265052b9c9ee4b9291afc1a232a79b6a~mv2.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_4c8f2474e2ac4157aebd309f5e12baa7~mv2.jpg/v1/crop/x_56,y_0,w_1864,h_1072/fill/w_59,h_34,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_4c8f2474e2ac4157aebd309f5e12baa7~mv2.jpg)
Gable, T. D., S. M. Johnson-Bice, A. T. Homkes, S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2020. Outsized effect of predation: wolves alter wetland creation and recolonization by killing ecosystem engineers. Science Advances [PDF]
Homkes, A.T., T. D. Gable, S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2020. Berry important? Wolf provisions pups with berries in Northern Minnesota. Wildlife Society Bulletin [PDF]
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_776b5d7d147d45a7b149e72dd13f5710~mv2.png/v1/crop/x_809,y_205,w_875,h_573/fill/w_57,h_37,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_776b5d7d147d45a7b149e72dd13f5710~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_a3c36c0c962d4c03b78a88aed1777b25~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_477,y_53,w_2330,h_1672/fill/w_194,h_139,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_3,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_a3c36c0c962d4c03b78a88aed1777b25~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg)
Gable, T. D., A. T. Homkes, S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2019. Is there a mechanism that causes wolves from same area to disperse long-distances in same direction? Canadian Wildlife Biology & Management 8:62-65 [PDF]
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, A. T. Homkes, G. Robertson and E. K. Verveniotis. 2019. Trumpeter swan killed by gray wolf in Minnesota. Northeastern Naturalist [PDF]
![DSC03721.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_bd73fa7239124390a45278e6948c3548~mv2_d_2296_1528_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_53,y_542,w_1747,h_970/fill/w_57,h_32,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/DSC03721.jpg)
![BeaverSkull_1.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_69a774a26fdd4ce8a32b927a01aa3378~mv2_d_2727_1817_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_648,y_250,w_1854,h_1217/fill/w_56,h_37,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/BeaverSkull_1.jpg)
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, M. C. Romanski, and F. Rosell. 2018. The forgotten prey of an iconic predator: a review of interactions between grey wolves Canis lupus and beavers Castor spp. Mammal Review 48:123–138 [PDF]
Gable, T. D., T. Stanger, S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2018. Do wolves ambush beavers? Video evidence for higher-order hunting strategies. Ecosphere 9:e02159 [PDF]
![Fig2_6panel.png](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_55d2149cb4394cb287a73914cd01d45d~mv2_d_1431_1503_s_2.png/v1/crop/x_717,y_553,w_714,h_394/fill/w_60,h_33,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/Fig2_6panel.png)
![MooseRiverHowling_2.JPG](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_9f43b34c3fe74cb8bfda60e52d581d27~mv2_d_2560_1920_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_423,y_272,w_1685,h_1082/fill/w_59,h_38,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/MooseRiverHowling_2_JPG.jpg)
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, and J. K. Bump. 2018. Finding wolf homesites: improving the efficacy of howl surveys to study wolves. PeerJ 6:e5629 [PDF]
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, and A. T. Homkes. 2018. Do wolves hunt fish in spring as food source? Mammalian Biology 91:30-33 [PDF]
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_ad9aea69417a430a974a5e0fddc9e2b9~mv2.png/v1/crop/x_296,y_409,w_442,h_294/fill/w_56,h_37,al_c,q_85,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_ad9aea69417a430a974a5e0fddc9e2b9~mv2.png)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_f09a455c1a81434dbe8e0a5442bb6665~mv2_d_2018_1345_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_428,y_432,w_1044,h_581/fill/w_60,h_33,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_f09a455c1a81434dbe8e0a5442bb6665~mv2_d_2018_1345_s_2.jpg)
Gable, T. D., and S. K. Windels. 2018. Kill rates and predation rates of wolves on beavers. Journal of Wildlife Management 82:466–472 [PDF]
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, J. G. Bruggink, and S. M. Barber-Meyer. 2018. Weekly Summer Diet of Gray Wolves (Canis lupus) in Northeastern Minnesota. The American Midland Naturalist 179:15–27 [PDF]
![FawnHiding_1.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_32f5f7a867c94e46964684eab9242b15~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_414,y_248,w_2199,h_1385/fill/w_60,h_38,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/FawnHiding_1.jpg)
![](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_dd9cb23b6bb54d8da532ebaf562194e9~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_771,y_607,w_1236,h_803/fill/w_57,h_37,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/7cb5d7_dd9cb23b6bb54d8da532ebaf562194e9~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg)
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, and I. C. Rautio. 2018. River Otter (Lontra canadensis) Killed by Wolves (Canis lupus) during Winter in Northern Minnesota. Canadian Field-Naturalist 131:252–253. [PDF]
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, and J. G. Bruggink. 2017. The Problems with Pooling Poop: Confronting Sampling Method Biases in Wolf (Canis lupus) Diet Studies. Canadian Journal of Zoology 95:843–851. [PDF]
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![Berry_Scat_1.jpg](https://static.wixstatic.com/media/7cb5d7_63aed4ce1a7446d6a265016065f74b5e~mv2_d_3008_2000_s_2.jpg/v1/crop/x_320,y_178,w_2378,h_1559/fill/w_59,h_39,al_c,q_80,usm_0.66_1.00_0.01,blur_2,enc_avif,quality_auto/Berry_Scat_1.jpg)
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, and J. G. Bruggink. 2017. Estimating biomass of berries consumed by gray wolves. Wildlife Society Bulletin 41:129–131. [PDF]
Gable, T. D., S. K. Windels, J. G. Bruggink, and A. T. Homkes. 2016. Where and how wolves (Canis lupus) kill beavers (Castor canadensis). PLoS ONE 11:e0165537. [PDF]
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